Atty, yang LBO di ba yan din yung dating "Watchlist"? Parang wala naman silbi yan.
Hindi rin ako sure, kasi nga mga imbento lang ng DOJ ang WLO and LBO. Ang alam ko, iba ang LBO sa WLO.
They can detain using a WLO, parang HDO. So kung ganon, ano pala ang difference ng HDO sa WLO? Ewan, pareho lang yata.
Ang malinaw, they cannot detain with an LBO. At bawal nang mag-issue ng HDO and WLO ang DOJ.
Pero may silbi rin naman ang LBO basta may warrant. Mag-issue lang ng LBO ang DOJ, bigyan ng kopya ng LBO and warrant ang airport. Pag dumaan si Cedric, aresto. Not because of the LBO, but because of the warrant.
Re illegal detention, is there a time, like how long were someone detained before you get charged of it? Saan ba naganap ang detention? Di ba from the condo dinala na siya sa presinto?
Magandang tanong. Hindi masyadong alam ng mga non-lawyers yan, pero importanteng provision ng criminal law.
Nasa Revised Penal Code, Art. 267, madali lang namang intindihin:
Art. 267. Kidnapping and serious illegal detention. — Any private individual who shall kidnap or detain another, or in any other manner deprive him of his liberty, shall suffer the penalty of reclusion perpetua to death:
1. If the kidnapping or detention shall have lasted more than five days.
2. If it shall have been committed simulating public authority.
3. If any serious physical injuries shall have been inflicted upon the person kidnapped or detained; or if threats to kill him shall have been made.
4. If the person kidnapped or detained shall be a minor, female or a public officer.
The penalty shall be death where the kidnapping or detention was committed for the purpose of extorting ransom from the victim or any other person, even if none of the circumstances above-mentioned were present in the commission of the offense.
Notes:
- Lawyers call it "Serious Illegal Detention," not just "Illegal Detention," kasi may Serious Illegal Detention at may Slight Illegal Detention.
- How long ang detention? Under paragraph 1, pag more than 5 days ang period of detention, serious illegal detention na.
- But if any of the circumstances under the succeding paragraphs is present, serious illegal detention kahit less than 5 days detention.
- For example, if the victim is a female, hindi kailangan 5 days. Sandaling detention lang, serious illegal detention na, because of paragraph 4.
- Sa kaso ni Vhong, saan nangyari ang serious illegal detention? Simula sa loob ng condo hanggang makarating ng presinto. As long as Vhong was not free to go where he wanted to go, considered "detained" siya.
- Walang 5 days ang detention niya, bakit serious illegal detention? Because of paragraph 3 --- kasi may serious physical injuries.
- Bakit no bail? Kasi non-bailable pag ang penalty ay reclusion perpetua or higher. Ano penalty? Reclusion perpetua to death (wala na tayong death penalty, so reclusion perpetua lang). Kaya non-bailable.
- Ganyang kabigat talaga ang kasong Serious Illegal Detention. Talo pa ang homicide, punishable by reclusion temporal and bailable. Baka natauhan na ngayon si Cedric at nawala ang yabang.