... as for the Papacy, the key issue here is scripture. in scripture is it said that Jesus gave they keys to Peter. the Orthodox believes the keys were given to all the apostles, though nowhere in scripture was it written.
also, there are many instances where Peter were referred to for authority (Council of Jerusalem where they made a decisioin of Gentiles were to be circumcised or not) and Peter has been always named first among the Apostles. ...
In Matthew 16:19, Jesus said he will give (in the future) the keys to Peter:
I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven; whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven." (NIV)
Catholic doctrine interprets the keys to mean the power to bind and to loose:
Behold he [Peter] received the keys of the kingdom of heaven, the power of binding and loosing is committed to him ... (Catholic Encyclopedia).
But in Matthew 18:18, speaking to all His disciples, Jesus gave the "power of binding and loosing" to all of His disciples (including Peter):
I tell you the truth, whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven (NIV)
Jesus was speaking to all disciples, not to Peter only. Notice that in His lengthy answer starting from Mat. 18:2, Jesus was talking to all disciples, because He was answering all of them:
At that time the disciples came to Jesus and asked, "Who is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven?" (Matthew 18:1, NIV)
Peter did not remain "first among the apostles". It is true that he was the first in the list of original apostles. But in the first Church Council, which took place in Jerusalem (not in Rome with Peter as the head), it was James who was the leader. It was James who had the final word on the issue being discussed:
When they finished, James spoke up: "Brothers, listen to me. ... It is my judgment, therefore, that we should not make it difficult for the Gentiles who are turning to God (Acts 15:13;19, NIV) In Galatians 2:9, Paul confirms James' leadership by listing him first in his enumeration of the pillars:
James, Peter and John, those reputed to be pillars, gave me and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship when they recognized the grace given to me. (NIV)
Before Peter agreed with Paul's view at the Jerusalem Council, Paul previously rebuked Peter in Antioch "to his face", and in public, because Peter was "clearly in the wrong":
When Peter came to Antioch, I opposed him to his face, because he was clearly in the wrong. Before certain men came from James, he used to eat with the Gentiles. But when they arrived, he began to draw back and separate himself from the Gentiles because he was afraid of those who belonged to the circumcision group. The other Jews joined him in his hypocrisy, so that by their hypocrisy even Barnabas was led astray. When I saw that they were not acting in line with the truth of the gospel, I said to Peter in front of them all, "You are a Jew, yet you live like a Gentile and not like a Jew. How is it, then, that you force Gentiles to follow Jewish customs? (Galatians 2:11-14, NIV)
This passage demonstrates that Peter was not occupying the position of an infallible Pope. It also shows that Paul considered Peter as an equal, with Peter having jurisdiction over the Jews, and Paul having jurisdiction over the Gentiles.
Thus, Paul says:
For God, who was at work in the ministry of Peter as an apostle to the Jews, was also at work in my ministry as an apostle to the Gentiles. ... They agreed that we should go to the Gentiles, and they to the Jews. (Galatians 2:8;9, NIV)
Clearly, if Peter's apostleship did not even extend to the Gentiles, then he could not have been "Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church".