If you are truly set with that layout, here's what I have in mind...
For the CD Player:
If Balanced XLR (analogue) or SPDIF (digital) is available, then these are preferred. If not, Unbalanced Interconnects can also work. Long unbalanced interconnects in that range are common in the mobile audio environment. If you choose the right cables, you might be able to cut it. Choose a cable with thick conductors to minimize losses, and one with good shielding to minimize noise intrusion.
For the Turntable:
Keep the Phono Stage close to the Turntable. You can run the long length from the Phono Stage to your Preamp/Amp. The reason is that the signal level coming from the Turntable is very low, and is very easy to ruin with a little induced noise or cable loss. The signal level from the Phono Stage is significantly higher, and will work with longer runs with less degradation. As with the CD Player's case, a balanced interconnect would be great, but unbalanced would still work if you follow the right precautions.